BACKGROUND Falcine meningiomas have unique characteristics including their high rates of recurrence, association with high grade pathology, increased male prevalence, and potential for diffuse involvement of the falx. OBJECTIVE To address these issues in a substantial series of falcine meningiomas and report on the impact of extent of resection for this distinct meningioma entity. METHODS Retrospective analysis of characteristics and outcomes of 59 falcine meningioma patients who underwent surgery with the senior author. A "Grade Zero" category was used when an additional resection margin of 2 to 3 cm from the tumor insertion was achieved. RESULTS For de novo falcine meningiomas, gross total resection (GTR) was associated with significantly decreased recurrence incidence compared with subtotal resection (P&nbsp;?&nbsp;.0001). For recurrent falcine meningiomas, median progression-free survival (PFS) was significantly improved for GTR cases (37 mo vs 12 mo; P&nbsp;=&nbsp;.017, hazard ratio (HR) .243 (.077-.774)). "Grade Zero" resection demonstrated excellent durability for both de novo and recurrent cases, and PFS was significantly improved with "Grade Zero" resection for recurrent cases (P&nbsp;=&nbsp;.003, HR 1.544 (1.156-2.062)). The PFS benefit of "Grade Zero" resection did not achieve statistical significance over Simpson grade 1 during the limited follow-up period (mean 2.8 yr) for these groups. CONCLUSION The recurrence of falcine meningiomas is related to the diffuse presence of tumor between the leaflets of the falx. Increased extent of resection including, when possible, a clear margin of falx surrounding the tumor base was associated with the best long-term outcomes in our series, particularly for recurrent tumors. Copyright © 2020 by the Congress of Neurological Surgeons.Organic solute transporter (OST) α/β is a key bile acid transporter expressed in various organs, including the liver under cholestatic conditions. However, little is known about the involvement of OSTα/β in bile acid-mediated drug-induced liver injury (DILI), a major safety concern in drug development. https://www.selleckchem.com/Bcl-2.html This study investigated whether OSTα/β preferentially transports more hepatotoxic conjugated primary bile acids, and to what extent xenobiotics inhibit this transport. Kinetic studies with OSTα/β-overexpressing cells revealed that OSTα/β preferentially transported bile acids in the following order taurochenodeoxycholate&gt;glycochenodeoxycholate&gt;taurocholate&gt;glycocholate. The apparent half-maximal inhibitory concentrations for OSTα/β-mediated bile acid (5?M) transport inhibition by fidaxomicin, troglitazone sulfate and ethinyl estradiol were 210, 334 and 1050?M, respectively, for taurochenodeoxycholate; 97.6, 333 and 337?M, respectively, for glycochenodeoxycholate; 140, 265 and 527?M, respectively, for taurocholatlished by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Toxicology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email journals.permissions@oup.com.Liposome encapsulated citral was prepared by means of a hot homogenization method. The microstructure, and particle size and zeta potential of the capsules were analyzed by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) respectively, in which the results showed a good dispersion stability of the citral-loaded liposome. In vitro tests showed that liposome encapsulated citral significantly ( p less then 0.05) reduced the populations of Escherichia coli , Bacillus subtilis , Staphylococcus aureus, and Penicillium italicum than free citral. In vivo tests conducted on fresh 'Shatangju' mandarin showed that liposome encapsulated citral treated fruit exhibited a decay incidence of 56.67%, which is 42.04% lower than free citral treated fruit (97.78%) after 26 d storage at 25 °C and 60-70% RH. Additionally, fruit treated with citral-loaded liposome significantly reduced weight loss, and viable yeast and mold during storage. In summary, liposome encapsulated citral could be an effective antimicrobial agent to extend the shelf-life of 'Shatangju' mandarin.The use of robotic guidance for spinal instrumentation has become promising for its ability to offer the advantages of precision, accuracy, and reproducibility. However, the utilization and adoption of robotic platforms for spine surgery remain limited, especially in comparison to other surgical fields. We present here a case of a 52-yr-old man with a grade 1 L4-5 degenerative spondylolisthesis causing severe claudication and radiculopathy who subsequently underwent a minimally invasive L4-5 transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion with navigated spinal robotic assistance (Mazor X Stealth Edition, Mazor Robotics Ltd, Caesarea, Israel). This platform allows for planning and registration via (1) a preoperative thin-cut computed tomography (CT) scan, or (2) an intraoperative CT "scan-and-plan" method. We show here the preoperative CT method that we use in the majority of our patients. To our knowledge, this is the first video demonstrating the preoperative software and intraoperative surgical registration and instrument workflow of navigated spinal robotic guidance using the Mazor X Stealth Edition for the insertion of pedicle screws in a minimally invasive spine surgery procedure. There is no identifying information in this video. Patient consent was obtained for the surgical procedure and for publishing of the material included in the video. Copyright © 2020 by the Congress of Neurological Surgeons.BACKGROUND On-field visible signs (VS) are used to help identify sport-related concussion (SRC) in the National Football League (NFL). However, the predictive utility of a VS checklist for SRC is unknown. OBJECTIVE To report the frequency, sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of VS in a cohort of NFL athletes. METHODS On-field VS ratings from 2 experts who independently reviewed video footage of a cohort of 251 injury plays that resulted in an SRC diagnosis (n&nbsp;=&nbsp;211) and no diagnosis (n&nbsp;=&nbsp;40) from the 2017 NFL season were examined. The frequency, sensitivity, specificity, and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve with area under the curve (AUC) were calculated for each VS. RESULTS Slow to get up (65.9%) and motor incoordination (28.4%) were the most frequent VS in concussed athletes, and slow to get up (60.0%) was the most common VS among nonconcussed athletes. The most sensitive VS was slow to get up (66%); the most specific signs in concussed NFL athletes were blank/vacant look and impact seizure (both 100%).